Introduction to Android Development

History of Android :

Google | Android

Android is an open source that Google and other companies together developed by the Open Handset Alliance. It is a Linux operating system that is used in any mobile device and tablet computer device.The android has been developed to create a mobile key application which will have to be programming separately for the developer. That can be used on all devices.

Google first released beta version of Android in 2007. After that the commercial first version, Android 1.0, was released in September 2008. Google upgraded Android and then released a new version called 4.1 Jelly Bean. Which was announced on June 27, 2012, at the Google I / O conference.Jelly Bean is an incremental update version, which is the main objective to make mobile usage easier for people in terms of functionality and performance.

At this time, many types of Android devices have developed, which require applications in the system to operate. This requires an Android developer whose basic information is given below.

Releases Versions of Android

Versions Number	Released Dates
Android 1.0 (API 1)	September 23, 2008
Android 1.1 (API 2)	February 9, 2009
Android 1.5 Cupcake (API 3)	April 27, 2009
Android 1.6 Donut (API 4)	September 15, 2009
Android 2.0 Eclair (API 5)	October 26, 2009
Android 2.2 Froyo (API 8)	May 20, 2010
Android 2.3 Gingerbread (API 9)	December 6, 2010
Android 3.0 Honeycomb (API 11)	February 22, 2011
Android 4.0 Ice Cream Sandwich (API 14)	October 18, 2011
Android 4.1 Jelly Bean (API 16)	July 9, 2012
Android 4.4 KitKat (API 19)	October 31, 2013
Android 5.0 Lollipop (API 21)	November 12, 2014
Android 6.0 Marshmallow (API 23)	October 5, 2015
Android 7.0 Nougat (API 24)	August 22, 2016
Android 8.0 Oreo (API 26)	August 21, 2017
Android 9 Pie (API 28)	August 6, 2018
Android 10 (API 29)	September 3, 2019
Android 11 (API 30)	TBD

Android Features

User interface : Android OS basic screen provides a user friendly interface.

Connectivity : Android supports Bluetooth,Wi-Fi,GSM/EDGE, LTE, IDEN, CDMA, EV-DO, UMTS, NFC and WiMAX.

Storage : SQLite, a lightweight relational database,Purposes is used for data storage .

Media support : Android supports media - JPEG, GIF,PNG,WAV,MP3,MPEG-4 SP,WebM, H.263, H.264, AAC, HE-AAC, AMR, AMR-WB, MIDI, Ogg Vorbis, FLAC, BMP, and WebP.

Messaging : SMS and MMS

Web browser : Display content without leaving the app open-source WebKit layout engine, coupled with Chrome's V8 JavaScript engine supporting HTML5 and CSS3.

Multi-touch : Android support - Multi-touch anywhere on the mobile screen, which was initially made available in handsets like HTC Hero.

Multi-tasking : You are running an application and if you need to run many applications, Can run multiple simultaneously with unique handling of memory allocation, is available Multitasking of applications.

Auto Correction and Dictionary : When writing a message or an article, you get these meaningful and correct words which help in correct deeds matching the words available in the dictionary.

Multi-Language : Support single direction and bi-directional text.

GCM : Android Google Cloud Messaging (GCM) is also a part of Android Push Messaging services.

Android Development Programming Language

Kotlin is a better fast-writing programming language. It is a modernly typed programming language that will boost your application design and you will be able to grow quickly.For basic Android devices, you are able to develop the application by using Java programming language. Because 7 May 2019 before Java was used to create Android device apps, which was the first choice of the developer. 2019 After Google announced that the Kotlin programming language is now its preferred language for Android app developers.

Kotlin is a free open source,statically typed,general purpose “pragmatic” programming language. It was developed by JetBrains in 2010. Kotlin is designed to connect with Java and write code easily with less time. It is standard library depends on the Java class library of the Java Virtual Machine version (JVM) ,but type inference allows its syntax to be more concise.

What is android?

Android is an modified operating system for operating devices, known as mobiles, tablets. It is primarily designed for devices such as smartphones, tablets. Android is a version of the Linux kernel and other open source software. If you look at the android architecture given below, you will easily understand.

Android Architecture

Android architecture is a software stack of components to support the needs of a mobile device. Android software stack are exposed through an Applications, frameworks, native libraries, runtime, abstraction layer and Linux kernels. If you have looked at the above Android architecture carefully then you will understand how this system works.